自發性溝通入門:甚麼是誘發溝通?
大部分患有自閉症譜系障礙(ASD)的人士都有不同程度的溝通障礙。能夠與他人恰當地溝通將有助于減少我們的困惑和挫敗感,同時能够與他人建立連結。因此,讓自閉症孩子學習正確的技能,並設置鼓勵他們作自發性溝通的機會,非常重要。
甚麼是自發性溝通?
自發性溝通是主動發起的,而不是回應式的。 有些孩子可能不會說話,而有些孩子可能有語言能力,但無法主動與人溝通。 這些孩子可能有豐富的詞彙,能够說話和回答問題,但在自發溝通方面面臨挑戰。 他們可能不會自己提問或發表評論,也可能難以有效或恰當地使用語言。
教自閉症兒童主動地溝通是增強他們說話慾望的好方法,有助他們更有效地表達自己的需求,同時减少他們的挫折感。 大多數家長面對這一方面的挑戰可能會有壓力。我們可以利用一種叫「誘發溝通」的技巧,為孩子創造主動跟我們溝通的機會。
甚麼是誘發溝通?
簡單來說,「誘發溝通」就是設置機會(建立動機)來誘使孩子說話。 誘發溝通的精髓在於建立動機,引起孩子主動地跟我們溝通的渴求。 正如Wetherby & Prizant (1989) 的研究指出,「『誘發溝通』可以增加學生溝通的慾望,令溝通變得有趣。」它還教會孩子語言的力量,幫助他們更容易地展開溝通。 同時有助於減少溝通時所帶來的挫折感,並鼓勵更適當的溝通。
「誘發溝通」可以呈現在各式各樣的情況當中。 一些基本的種類包括:
在下一篇文章中,我們將探討如何設置「誘發溝通」的情境來幫助你教會孩子自發地溝通。

資訊提供:
Loh Li Ling, B.A. Psy, Senior Case Supervisor![]() |
Loh Li Ling is currently a Senior Case Supervisor at Autism Partnership Singapore. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from James Cook University, Australia. Having worked at Autism Partnership Singapore since 2014, Li Ling has worked with many children of varied age groups, ranging from 2 to 16 years old in both one-to-one and classroom settings, with an average of 4 to 6 children per group. Her expertise in groups includes teaching children relevant skills required for school; to improve and have an understanding of appropriate social behaviors as well as to develop meaningful effects for one another. She is also a member of the Autism Partnership Singapore Jumpstart team. Li Ling has also provided shadow-aide support for children in mainstream and international schools to assist and facilitate children to adapt to a school environment. She has conducted social groups, regularly bringing groups of children aged 10 and above on regular outings. Li Ling also does parent and helper training to guide caregivers on managing their children in the everyday, natural setting. |
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